Ulcere cutanee-microbiota-ulcere infette


Ricevuto: 23 April 2023
Accettato: 16 October 2023
Pubblicato: 14 December 2023
Abstract Views: 114
PDF: 107
PDF (English): 12
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Autori

È ormai assodato che le modificazioni della barriera cutanea e/o del suo sistema immunitario siano l’inevitabile causa di un’alterazione dell’equilibrio ospite-microbiota con la conseguente proliferazione della flora opportunistica e/o patogena e una risposta immune incontrollata che, a loro volta, potranno amplificare il quadro patologico stesso. L’ulcera consente al microbiota cutaneo e a quello ambientale di penetrare nei tessuti e trovarne condizioni ottimali per la crescita; si ritiene che l’interazione tra flora residente e cute abbia un ruolo positivo nel modulare la risposta immune nel processo di wound healing o che, comunque, la sua composizione lo condizioni significativamente. La guarigione delle ferite è un processo complesso che coinvolge più meccanismi che si interconnettono e sovrappongono di migrazione e proliferazione cellulare, richiamo e rilascio di citochine pro e antiinfiammatorie, fattori di crescita, sintesi e degradazione della matrice extracellulare. lo squilibrio di questi complessi meccanismi, regolati da una grande varietà di vie di segnalazione, ne condiziona pesantemente il risultato che, a sua volta, è correlato con lo stato infiammatorio e la risposta immunitaria. Il rapporto microbo-microbo, oltre che microbo-cute; il ruolo del biofilm, inteso come stato aggregato dei microorganismi e il meccanismo di comunicazione tra loro attraverso il Quorum-Sensing; i meccanismi di progressione di una ferita colonizzata verso uno stato infetto; il ruolo fondamentale dell’ospite; l’impatto del microambiente su ospite e microbiota e “Uno sguardo al futuro” saranno l’oggetto di questa sintetica review che si propone di affrontare ormai il wound healing come il perfetto, inscindibile equilibrio tra ospite-cute-microbiota.


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